Kodi zakulera ndi mmene kapangidwe zimakhudza khalidwe la zithunzi.

kamera kupangidwa mu makumi za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi Joseph Niepce. Iwo Niepce mwini yoyamba chithunzi "View", ndi kagawo amene anali mphindi 30. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makamera a m'malo wosazindikira yosavuta zipangizo opto-mawotchi akhala chipangizo zamagetsi zipangizo kuti ntchito umisiri atsopano ndi zochitika pafupifupi minda yonse ya sayansi. The kusintha chachikulu ndi nkhawa yomanga Komabe, mbali ya kamera. Mwina chofunika kwambiri ndi kudziwa unit za mitundu yonse makamera digito - disolo - sanasinthe momwe thupi otchedwa, modzaza zamagetsi. Wokwanira dziwani kuti magalasi zakale makamera filimu ndipo tsopano ntchito mwangwiro pa makamera ano digito ndi zili patsogolo amagetsi mu mawonekedwe a bokosi masensa pakompyuta, actuators kwa autofocus ndi zaluso zina. ambiri ojambula akatswiri ngakhale amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi achikulire ndipo amawaona kukhala apamwamba khalidwe, kupereka chithumwa wapadera zithunzi wanu.

yomanga mandala poyamba Mwachidule yosavuta wodzichepetsa. Iwo limapangidwa Optics mu mawonekedwe a mandala (magalasi kapena zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo imodzi yaikulu) felemu amene akutumikira ngati mandala thupi ndi zakulera.

Mandala zida zimadalira cholinga chake. The magalasi yosavuta zikuluzikulu, zonse ndi yosavuta. Zingapo magalasi ndi awiri yofanana ndi mtundu wa kamera (ikuluikulu awiri a magalasi, wamkulu ake mphamvu ndi kabowo chiŵerengero), ndi zakulera ndi nyumba mphete ndi moganizira ndi Iris kulamulira limagwirira yolusa lolingana thupi kamera.

Mu mawonekedwe magalasi kuti izi ya zinthu anawonjezera komanso mawonekedwe limagwirira.

Inde, khalidwe disolo anatsimikiza makamaka zimene Optics wokwera pa izo. Kuchokera mandala zinthu zimadalira pamaso kapena kusapezeka kwa kupotozedwa awiri awo - mlingo wa vignetting ie kunachita mdima wa m'mbali mwa chimango cha, aberrations ndi kuvutika ena.

Palibe gawo zosafuni- disolo ndi kabowo ake.

Kodi zakulera? Izi amafotokozera mandala kuti oyang'anira ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala polowera kudzera disolo ku masanjidwewo kapena filimu.

The zakulera imakhala Lobe otchedwa ndi kuthandauza za magawo monga mozama za kuthengo ndi mawonekedwe bokeh. Ndipo ngati funsolo, kodi zakulera, zikuoneka zophweka, si aliyense amadziwa chimene bokeh ndi kuya munda zikuwoneka khalidwe la zithunzi apamwamba.

Choncho, bokeh. The zakulera tichipeza lobes kuti converge, kuchepetsa kutsegula ndi mogwirizana wowonjezera izo. Bokeh anatsimikiza ndi chiwerengero cha izi Lobe yemweyo: The kwambiri, ndi bokeh bwino, kuti ndi mawonekedwe olondola sawona bwinobwino unfocused.

Pozindikira kuti zakulera, inu mukhoza kupita kwa akuya kumunda. Ndi zikuluzikulu, ang'onoang'ono kabowo kutsegula. Pakuti zokongola kuwombera zambiri ntchito yaing'ono kabowo mipata kukhala mwatsatanetsatane, koma portraiture oyenera lalikulu kabowo dzenje, amene amalola kuganizira cholinga pa phunziro ndi kupewa zosafunika maziko mwatsatanetsatane.

Kotero, ife anatsimikiza kuti kabowo ichi, bokeh ndi mozama za kuthengo, koma anapezeka ku mau, mmene kamera ndi zomwe mandala kamangidwe. Mfundozi ndi mwangwiro exploratory mu chilengedwe, koma ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ojambula novice, monga m'munsi pa kumvetsetsa mbali luso kamera, amene m'masiku athu ambiri, ndipo osauka ndi leaps ndi malire kwa universalization ndi wosalira ndondomeko kuwombera. Patsalanso kokha kusankha akadakwanitsira abwino kamera ndi kuyamba kulenga katswiri anu luso Zithunzi. Ndi kotero yosavuta ndi ozizira!